In addition, each system will have a legislature that will adopt new laws and statutes. The relationship between laws and court decisions can be complex. In some jurisdictions, these laws may override court decisions or codify the issue covered by several contradictory or ambiguous decisions. In some jurisdictions, judicial decisions may decide whether the constitution of jurisdiction permits the enactment of a particular law or provision, or what meaning is contained in the legal provisions. Common law developed in England, influenced by Anglo-Saxon law and, to a much lesser extent, by the Norman conquest of England, which introduced legal concepts of Norman law, which in turn has its origin in Salian law. The common law was later inherited from the Commonwealth of Nations, and almost all the former colonies of the British Empire adopted it (Malta is an exception). The doctrine of stare decisis, also known as jurisprudence or court precedent, is the main difference with codified civil law systems. Common law is practised in Canada (except Quebec), Australia, New Zealand, most of the United Kingdom (England, Wales and Northern Ireland), South Africa, Ireland, India (except Goa), Pakistan, Hong Kong, the United States (at the state and territory level, with the exception of Louisiana and Puerto Rico), in Bangladesh and many other places. Several others have transformed the common law system into a mixed system; For example, Nigeria operates largely under a common law system in the southern states and at the federal level, but also incorporates religious law in the northern states. the civil law system, which in its form is similar to the French civil law system based on the French system; The Constitution does not allow judicial review of state acts General customary law is a recognized source of law in jurisdictions of the civil law tradition, where it can be subordinated to both laws and regulations. John Henry Merryman, who studied custom as a source of law in the civil law tradition, noted that although the attention given to it in scholarly articles was great, its importance was “light and decreasing.” [12] On the other hand, in many countries of the world, one or more types of customary law continue to exist side by side with official law, a condition called legal pluralism (see also List of National Legal Systems).

Today`s national legal systems are generally based on one of four basic systems: civil law, customary law, legal law, religious law or combinations thereof. However, each country`s legal system is shaped by its unique history and therefore includes individual variations. [1] The science that studies law at the level of legal systems is called comparative law. According to Hund, the second form of rule skepticism states that while a community may have rules, those rules are not achieved “deductively,” that is, they are not only created by legal/moral reasoning, but are rather motivated by the personal/political motives of those who create them. The room for manoeuvre for such influence is created by the loose and indefinite nature of customary law, which, as Hund argues, gives habitual legislators (often through traditional “judicial proceedings”) a wide margin of appreciation in its application. However, Hund argues that the fact that rules can sometimes be reached in a rather ad hoc way does not mean that it defines the system. If you need a perfect system in which laws are only created deductively, then you end up with a system without rules. This cannot be the case for dogs, and an explanation of this type of legislative process can be found in Hart`s concept of “secondary rules” (rules by which most standards are recognized). Hund therefore says that for some cultures, for example in some parts of Tswana society, secondary rules have evolved only to the point where laws are determined in terms of politics and personal preferences. That`s not to say they`re not “rules.” .